233 papers
This multi-country study in sub-Saharan Africa identifies that childhood vaccination uptake is significantly hindered by gender norms, misinformation, and male caregiver attitudes, while being positively influenced by trust and peer support, necessitating context-sensitive strategies that engage fathers and counter specific cultural barriers.
This ecological study in England reveals that despite significant cuts to public health grants, spending allocations across local authorities show little correlation with population health needs or deprivation levels, suggesting that financial decisions are driven by factors other than strategic need-based planning.
This nationwide study of over 1.2 million individuals demonstrates that childhood adversity operates across multiple interconnected layers—individual, family, and neighborhood—where their co-occurrence and interaction, particularly between family and individual factors, significantly amplify the risk of premature mortality, highlighting the need for comprehensive, multi-layered interventions to address lifelong health inequalities.
This paper presents and evaluates a dynamic, model-based spatial surveillance framework designed to optimize the detection and mapping of the invasive malaria vector *Anopheles stephensi* in the Horn of Africa by adaptively allocating surveillance sites to high-uncertainty and high-abundance areas, thereby significantly reducing uncertainty and accelerating targeted control interventions.
In a randomized controlled trial of 2,110 Australian adults, AI-enhanced symptom checker formats significantly improved immediate symptom management knowledge and reduced unnecessary primary care intentions for self-careable conditions compared to standard formats, without negatively impacting trust or acceptability, though knowledge gains were not sustained after two weeks.
This mixed-method study demonstrates that a social marketing approach grounded in the 4Ps framework significantly increased immunization coverage and community engagement during Togo's 2025 "Big Catch-Up" initiative, though long-term success depends on institutionalizing community structures with domestic funding.
This paper pioneers a four-way factorial analysis of U.S. lifespan data to demonstrate that while education and its interactions are the primary drivers of between-group lifespan inequality, such heterogeneity accounts for only a small fraction (7–10%) of total lifespan variance, with the majority arising from individual stochasticity.
An analysis of over 5,000 infant hydrocephalus cases in Uganda over 19 years reveals that prenatal environmental factors, such as poverty, rainfall, and vegetation, combined with ancestral genomic admixture, significantly predict the risk of postinfectious hydrocephalus and neural tube defects, offering a basis for targeted public health interventions.
Using a triangulation framework with longitudinal twin data and three complementary analytical methods, this study provides robust evidence that higher body mass index causally reduces leisure-time physical activity in adulthood, particularly with advancing age, while offering less convincing support for the reverse causal effect.
This cross-sectional study conducted at a military hospital in Riyadh reveals that medication errors in home health care are significantly more prevalent among patients with informal caregivers compared to formal ones, underscoring the urgent need for caregiver training and a national medication tracking system to enhance patient safety in Saudi Arabia.
The Nepal Turnaway Study is a prospective, nationwide cohort of 1,832 abortion seekers followed for up to five years to investigate the longitudinal health and socioeconomic impacts of receiving versus being denied wanted abortions, while also capturing broader family-level outcomes.
This study introduces a novel county-level Early Childhood Environmental Health Vulnerability Index (EC-EHVI) for the contiguous U.S. that outperforms existing measures in predicting child mortality by specifically integrating environmental, socioeconomic, and developmental factors to identify high-risk clusters in the Great Plains and Southeast.
This paper argues that for emerging diseases, the timing of vaccine efficacy trials creates a paradox where conducting randomized clinical trials during an outbreak peak increases the likelihood of statistical approval but reduces cost-effectiveness due to delayed implementation, whereas early implementation offers better economic value but risks trial failure due to insufficient transmission.
This study demonstrates that a machine learning model analyzing specific geometric facial features can identify sickle cell disease with 79.5% accuracy in patients from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with the discriminative power of these features increasing as patients age.
A 2018 analysis of Argentine adults reveals a paradoxical positive gradient where higher socioeconomic status is associated with increased odds of undiagnosed dysglycemia, challenging conventional assumptions about healthcare access and highlighting the effectiveness of public assistance programs in detecting cases among vulnerable populations.
This Canadian study evaluated the accuracy of detection dogs in identifying SARS-CoV-2 via sweat samples, finding moderate sensitivity and specificity while demonstrating that failing to account for imperfect RT-PCR reference standards and repeated sample sniffing can significantly overestimate performance.
This study demonstrates that during the COVID-19 pandemic, US social distancing behavior was primarily driven by state-level policies and perceived risk rather than local conditions, suggesting that disease models should account for rational human responses to disease incidence at broader spatial scales.
This study evaluates the interest, power, and operational capacity of key stakeholders in Mali and Burkina Faso to identify a complementary institutional and community framework essential for sustaining and scaling up the Pfizer Chlamydia Project's prevention efforts among youths aged 15–24.
This field study demonstrates that spraying a 10% lambda-cyhalothrin microcapsule suspension effectively reduces tick density in wild natural environments for 3–4 weeks, offering a viable strategy for preventing tick-borne diseases in outdoor gatherings and post-disaster resettlement areas.
This national study of 3,143 U.S. counties reveals that while hospital access to workflow AI is associated with significant reductions in mortality and preventable stays, its uneven distribution creates a substantial digital divide that leaves over 114 million Americans without access to these life-saving technologies.